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Which strategies can address Europe's skill shortage in the long term? Policymakers are discussing whether automation or migration could be effective. However, research shows that governments should be cautious about overly relying on either, as both these trends can be unpredictable and their effects short-lived. Instead, a resilient policy approach should focus on enhancing the attractiveness of labour markets.

How to deal with Europe's skill shortage? Research shows that governments should avoid relying on migration or automation to fix the labour market. Instead, the policy should aim to attract workers in a targeted way.

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Recent crises, from the Great Recession to the COVID-19 pandemic, have sparked a debate among policymakers, politicians, and the public – about the urgent need for crisis resilience. Strengthening the resilience of individuals and communities is expected to reduce the vulnerability of our societies.

Resilience is about adapting through renewal. A resilient system is one that can evolve, by learning to better cope with crises in the future. As our experts point out in this article,  governments can enhance societal resilience, through three key activities.

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