PopDigests Policy Briefs Discussion Papers Policy Insights Books and Reports Newsletter Related Content Policy Insights - Crisis resilient governance: How our institutions can help European societies thrive in any future Policy Insights - Low birth rates: Ten steps towards more baby-friendly policies for 2024 and beyond Policy Insights - The Dramatic Residential Insecurity in Spain in the Context of the European Union Pop Digest - School Progress of Children is not Affected by Having Same-Sex Parents Event - The Future of the Generations to Come. Youth, Work-Life-Balance and Solidarity in Europe News - IIASA World Population Program Director Wolfgang Lutz has received a new grant from the European Research Council. Policy Brief The Two Sides of the Same Coin Challenges of policymaking for a mobile Europe Key messages: Europeans are increasingly mobile in terms of commuting and travelling, whereas rates of permanent change in residence across borders are scarce. Relocation rates within countries are stable or are even going down. Experiences of mobility are very heterogeneous and circumstances that lead people to be mobile change over the life course. Policies should support the development of “skills for mobility”, particularly at younger ages, but older people should also not be ignored. Document Download Population & Policy Compact 08/2014 (691.6 KB) Image Key messages: Europeans are increasingly mobile in terms of commuting and travelling, whereas rates of permanent change in residence across borders are scarce. Relocation rates within countries are stable or are even going down. Experiences of mobility are very heterogeneous and circumstances that lead people to be mobile change over the life course. Policies should support the development of “skills for mobility”, particularly at younger ages, but older people should also not be ignored. Policies should promote mobility that adjusts to personal situations and pre- vents negative consequences at the individual and social level. References: Boyle, P., Kulu, H., Cooke, T., Gayle, V. and C. Mulder (2008): Moving and Union Dissolution. Demography 45(1): 209-222. Cooke, T. J. (2012): Internal Migration in Decline. The Professional Geographer, 65(4): 664-675. Eurofound (2006): Mobility in Europe. Analysis of the 2005 Eurobarometer Survey on Geographical and Labour Market Mobility. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. MKW/Empirica (2009): Scientific Report on the Mobility of Cross- Border Workers within the EU-27/EEA/EFTA Countries. Final Report. Huinink, J. and M. Feldhaus (2012): Fertility and Commuting Behaviour in Germany. Comparative Population Studies, 37 (3-4): 491-516. Huinink, J., Vidal, S. and S. Kley, (2014): Individuals’ Openness to Migrate and Job Mobility. Social Science Research 44: 1-14. Kaufmann, V., Viry, G. and E. Widmer, (2010): Motility. In: Schneider, N. and B. Collet (eds.): Mobile Living Across Europe II: Causes and Consequences of Job-Related Spatial Mobility in Cross-National Comparison. Leverkusen Opladen: Barbara Budrich Publishers, 95-111. Kley, S. (2011): Explaining the Stages of Migration within a Life-Course Framework. European Sociological Review 27: 469-486. Kulu, H. (2006): Fertility of Internal Migrants: Comparison between Austria and Poland. Population Space and Place 12(3): 147–170. Mulder, C. H. (2007): The Family Context and Residential Choice: A Challenge for New Research. Population Space and Place 13: 265–278. Perales, F. and S. Vidal (2013): Occupational Characteristics, Occupational Sex Segregation, and Family Migration Decisions. Population, Space and Place 19(5): 487-504. Schneider, N. and G. Meil (eds.) (2008): Mobile Living Across Europe I. Relevance and Diversity of Job-Related Spatial Mobility in Six European Countries. Opladen: Barbara Budrich Publishers. Schneider, N. and B. Collet (eds.) (2010): Mobile Living Across Europe II. Causes and Consequences of Job-Related Spatial Mobility in Cross- National Comparison. Opladen: Barbara Budrich Publishers. United Nations (2013): Cross-national Comparisons of Internal Migration: An Update on Global Patterns and Trends. Technical Paper 2013/1, New York: United Nations Population Division. Van der Klis, M. and C. H. Mulder (2008): Beyond the Trailing Spouse: The Commuter Partnership as an Alternative to Family Migration. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment 23(1): 1-19. Wallace, M. and H. Kulu (2014): Low Immigrant Mortality in England and Wales: A Data Artefact? Social Science and Medicine 120: 100-109. Additional Information Authors of Original Article Huinink Kulu Mulder Schneider Vidal Source Huinink, J., Kulu, H., Mulder, C., Schneider, N. F. & Vidal, S. (2014). The Two Sides of the Same Coin. Challenges of policymaking for a mobile Europe. Population & Policy Compact 8, Berlin: Max Planck Society/Population Europe.