Risto Conte Keivabu and Marco Cozzani (European University Institute) focus on Spain to uncover the impact of heat on birth outcomes and the stratified effect of SES. They do so by leveraging data on temperature and birth outcomes from 1990 to 2016 in 50 provincial capitals covering more than 4 million live births.

Charlotte Noël, Lisa Van Landschoot, Christophe Vanroelen and Sylvie Gadeyne (Interface Demography, Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel) investigate the subjective, self-perceived social barriers that prevent people to visit available and accessible PGSs, or that prevent them from using PGSs in an intensive way.

Miguel González-Leonardo (International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis), Antonio López-Gay and Joaquín Recaño (Centre d'Estudis Demogràfic and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona), and Niall Newsham and Francisco Rowe (University of Liverpool)  analyse changes in internal migration patterns across the urban hierarchy in Spain.