The human longevity revolution that started in 1840 shows no signs of ending soon, according to a Perspectives article published in PNAS. Understanding how much human lifespan can be extended is a major scientific goal, with critical implications across health, social, political, cultural, and economic domains. James Vaupel, Francisco Villavicencio and Marie-Pier Bergeron-Boucher summarize past trends in human longevity, upcoming prospects for life expectancy, and potential directions for future research.